Global warming is caused when radiant energy from the sun heats the earth's surface and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions emitted into the atmosphere trap this heat, an effect similar to the glass panels of a greenhouse. Whether global warming is real or perceived, a natural phenomenon or the result of man-made industrial activities, industry must now address the greenhouse gas emissions linked to climate change. In addition to the numerous voluntary climate change programs, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is moving forward with climate change regulations to monitor, report, permit, and control emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other GHGs.

States such as California, Massachusetts, and Washington are ahead of the federal government in dealing with climate change. Many states have already established GHG reduction targets and implemented policies and regulations to meet those goals, including joining forces with other states to implement regional CO2 cap and trade programs.